PT-141 Telehealth

THE LITERATURE

PT-141 References

Every study cited on this site, with links to the source.

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How to read this list

Every numbered citation across this site maps to an entry below. Where a study has a PubMed ID or DOI, the link goes to the source so you can read the original. The list mixes peer-reviewed journal articles, two pivotal randomized trials, mechanistic studies, reviews, and the official U.S. prescribing information for bremelanotide. Nothing on this site is cited that does not appear here.

  1. Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, Earle D, Diamond LE, Quon CY. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:96-102. ↗
  2. Pfaus J, Shadiack A, Van Soest T, Tse M, Molinoff P. Selective facilitation of sexual solicitation in the female rat by a melanocortin receptor agonist. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:10201-10204. ↗
  3. Kingsberg SA, Clayton AH, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Simon JA. Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):899-908. ↗
  4. Simon JA, Kingsberg SA, Portman D, Williams LA, Krop J, Jordan R, Lucas J, Clayton AH. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Bremelanotide for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):909-917. ↗
  5. Thurston L, Hunjan T, Mills EG, et al. Melanocortin 4 receptor agonism enhances sexual brain processing in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(19):e152341. ↗
  6. Borland JM, Kohut-Jackson AL, Peyla AC, Hall MA, Mermelstein PG, Meisel RL. Female Syrian hamster analyses of bremelanotide, a US FDA approved drug for the treatment of female hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Neuropharmacology. 2025;267:110299. ↗
  7. U.S. Food and Drug Administration / DailyMed. Bremelanotide Injection — US Prescribing Information. 2019. ↗
  8. Spana C, Jordan R, Fischkoff S. Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: Data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(6):1084-1093. ↗
  9. Hellstrom WJ. Clinical applications of centrally acting agents in male sexual dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2008. ↗
  10. Pyke RE, Clayton AH. Effect Size in Efficacy Trials of Women With Decreased Sexual Desire. Sex Med Rev. 2018. ↗
  11. Shadiack AM, Althof S. Preclinical effects of melanocortins in male sexual dysfunction. Int J Impot Res. 2008. ↗
  12. Suzuki S, Yamamoto M, Sanomachi T, et al. Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Bremelanotide Induces Cell Death and Growth Inhibition in Glioblastoma. Anticancer Res. 2024. ↗
  13. Goldstein I, et al. (122) Positive Effects of Bremelanotide on Female Sexual Arousal and Orgasm in Premenopausal Women. J Sex Med. 2025. ↗
  14. Vereecken S, et al. (396) Comparative Analysis of Flibanserin, Bremelanotide, and Testosterone Therapy for Female Sexual Dysfunction. J Sex Med. 2025. ↗
  15. How A, Simon JA. Novel Pharmacologic Treatments of Female Sexual Dysfunction. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2025. ↗